Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service Publication_Date: 20060401 Title: Current satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks global 50km HDF data file produced operationally in near-real-time by NOAA Coral Reef Watch Edition: One Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image and gridded data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Online_Linkage: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/data/current/current_dhw.hdf Description: Abstract: This file contains NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW)'s most recent operational global satellite coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks raw data at 50km resolution produced twice-weekly in near-real-time. DHW is the accumulation of Coral Bleaching HotSpots over a period of 12 consecutive weeks. The coral bleaching HotSpot is a special type of sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly and shows the difference of SST compared to a coral bleaching SST threshold climatology. Only the positive anomalies (potential thermal stress to induce coral bleaching) are highlighted in HotSpots. The DHW value at any particular location at any particular time is the summation of the product of HotSpot values which are at least 1 deg C above the bleaching threshold SST and their durations in weeks (in minimum 0.5 week for our twice-weekly DHW) over the most recent 12-week period. One DHW is equivalent to 1 week of SST at 1 deg C above the threshold or 0.5 week of SST at 2 deg C above the threshold, etc. Satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) are used to generate AVHRR-SST. The most recent AVHRR data obtained from the POES that is presently in operational mode are processed to generate the near-real- time SST data used to create the coral bleaching HotSpots and DHWs. This data file is in Hierarchical Data Format Release 4 (HDF4) that is a commonly used data format. The SST, HotSpots, and DHWs data are produced twice-weekly on every Tuesday (using AVHRR data from the previous Saturday through Monday) and on every Saturday (using AVHRR data from the previous Tuesday through Friday). Purpose: The twice-weekly near-real-time global 50km satellite coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks were primarily developed for NOAA's Coral Reef Watch (CRW) for both monitoring and assessment of coral bleaching. CRW's other satellite coral bleaching monitoring and assessment products include SST, SST anomaly, coral bleaching HotSpots, Tropical Coral Bleaching Indices, SST time series, etc. Supplemental_Information: The coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks chart created from this Degree Heating Weeks data is accessible at http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_retro.html The graphic displays of the HotSpot data used to derive the DHW are available at http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html The graphic displays of the SST data used to derive the HotSpots are available at http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/key_sst_50km_field.html Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20010101 Ending_Date: present Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 179.5 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 85.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.0 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Degree Heating Week (DHW) Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Monitoring and assessment Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Bleaching HotSpot Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature > Anomaly Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Remote sensing > Satellite (digital scans) > AVHRR Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Map Images > Sea Surface Temperature Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: CoRIS Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef Watch Theme_Keyword: POES Theme_Keyword: Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite Theme_Keyword: data Theme_Keyword: oceanography Theme_Keyword: SST anomaly Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature anomaly Theme_Keyword: HotSpot accumulation Theme_Keyword: accumulation Theme_Keyword: SST Theme_Keyword: sea surface Theme_Keyword: thermal stress Theme_Keyword: stress Theme_Keyword: temperature anomaly Theme_Keyword: coral bleaching HotSpot Theme_Keyword: monitoring Theme_Keyword: assessment Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: satellite Theme_Keyword: AVHRR Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature Theme_Keyword: temperature Theme_Keyword: HotSpot Theme_Keyword: Degree Heating Week Theme_Keyword: DHW Theme_Keyword: physical oceanography Theme_Keyword: biological oceanography Theme_Keyword: marine ecosystem Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115:2003 MD_TopicCategoryCode Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: globe Place_Keyword: ocean Place_Keyword: global oceans Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: real time Temporal_Keyword: near real time Temporal_Keyword: present Temporal_Keyword: current Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Not intended for legal use. Data may contain inaccuracies due to clouded or mixed pixels. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Address: Address Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State or Province: Maryland Postal Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact Voice Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact Facsimile Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact Electronic Mail Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_retro.html Browse_Graphic_File_Description: The browse image on the web page is the graphic display of the data described in this metadata. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy of the Degree Heating Weeks depends on the accuracy of Coral Bleaching HotSpots. No estimation on the HotSpots has been done and only preliminary estimates exist for using DHWs to assess coral bleaching and mortality although they have demonstrated remarkable preliminary success in denoting most bleaching events. Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) AVHRR-SST values are accurate to within 0.5 degrees C and adjusted by in-situ information (buoys) to best-approximate SST at a depth of 1 meter. However, to provide a complete global coverage, estimation of SSTs at all pixels that are cloud covered may occasionally reduce the accuracy of SST at these pixels. Logical_Consistency_Report: none Completeness_Report: Selected references: 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda, available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html 4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Users are referred to the following guide on AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: none Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS Publication_Date: 20000101 Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks Edition: one Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Type_of_Source_Media: data file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000101 Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks Source_Contribution: This is a copy of the source data. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS Publication_Date: 19970101 Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50km Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots Edition: one Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Type_of_Source_Media: data file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970101 Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots Source_Contribution: The DHWs were derived from HotSpot source data. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch NOAA/NESDIS Publication_Date: 19970101 Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime AVHRR Sea Surface Temperatures Edition: one Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Type_of_Source_Media: data file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970101 Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs Source_Contribution: The HotSpots were derived from SST source data. Process_Step: Process_Description: Degree Heating Weeks are calculated as the accumulation of coral bleaching HotSpots over the most recent 12 weeks. At each pixel, coral bleaching sea surface temperature threshold climatological value is subtracted from AVHRR sea surface temperature value to produce coral bleaching HotSpot value. The global coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks are then stored in HDF format. Some references are listed below. 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda, available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html 4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs Process_Date: 20010101 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Address: Address Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State or Province: Maryland Postal Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact Voice Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact Facsimile Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact Electronic Mail Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 331 Column_Count: 720 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.5 Longitude_Resolution: 0.5 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Degree Heating Weeks grid cell Entity_Type_Definition: 16-bit integer data elements in the coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks data Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident Attribute: Attribute_Label: coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks grid cell value Attribute_Definition: The coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks in the location indicated by the pixel. In the Degree Heating Weeks data file, the units are in 100x degree Celsius- weeks and the values are stored as integer. Attribute_Definition_Source: Selected reference: 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda, available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html 4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10000 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Address: Address Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State or Province: Maryland Postal Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact Voice Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact Facsimile Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact Electronic Mail Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: HDF4 format Format_Information_Content: Degree Heating Weeks as a remote sensing image and gridded data Transfer_Size: 0.4MB Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/data/current/current_dhw.hdf Access_Instructions: See web site http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/hdf4.html Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Format: none Compatibility_Information: HDF4 is commonly recognized data format. See web site http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/hdf4.html Fees: none Ordering_Instructions: The product in HDF4 format may be downloaded from the Web, ftp, and OPeNDAP site or obtained from the distributor. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20060510 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact Address: Address Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State or Province: Maryland Postal Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact Voice Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact Facsimile Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact Electronic Mail Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998